The corresponding author submits the manuscript through the journal's online submission system. The manuscript must comply with the journal's author guidelines and publication ethics requirements.

The Editorial Office checks the manuscript for scope, basic academic quality, formatting, completeness, originality, plagiarism or similarity concerns, and compliance with ethical requirements.

An editor evaluates whether the manuscript is suitable for peer review based on its relevance to the journal's scope, scientific contribution, methodological quality, and overall suitability.

Qualified reviewers are invited based on their expertise and research background. Potential conflicts of interest are considered before reviewers are assigned.

Reviewers evaluate the manuscript's originality, methodology, data analysis, results, discussion, conclusions, references, presentation, and contribution to the field.

The editor evaluates the reviewer reports together with the manuscript and makes an editorial decision. Reviewer recommendations are important but do not automatically determine the final decision.

When revision is requested, authors must respond to reviewer comments and submit a revised manuscript together with a clear response to the reviewers.

The revised manuscript may be returned to the original reviewers or evaluated by the editor depending on the nature and extent of the revisions.

Once the manuscript meets the journal's requirements and receives a final acceptance decision, it proceeds to copyediting, layout, proofreading, metadata preparation, DOI assignment where applicable, and publication.