Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any relationships, activities, financial interests, or other circumstances that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation, or publication of the manuscript.

Potential Conflicts Include:
  • Research funding.
  • Employment or consultancy.
  • Financial relationships.
  • Patents or intellectual property interests.
  • Personal or professional relationships.
  • Institutional interests.
  • Competitive relationships.
  • Other circumstances that may reasonably affect perceived impartiality.
No Conflict of Interest

If the authors have no relevant conflict of interest, they should provide an explicit statement such as:

“The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.”

Disclosure Responsibility

All authors are responsible for ensuring that relevant conflicts of interest are disclosed accurately and updated if circumstances change during the editorial or publication process.