Conflict of Interest

 
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Authors must disclose any relationships, activities, financial interests, or other circumstances that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation, or publication of the manuscript.

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Potential Conflicts Include:
  • Research funding.
  • Employment or consultancy.
  • Financial relationships.
  • Patents or intellectual property interests.
  • Personal or professional relationships.
  • Institutional interests.
  • Competitive relationships.
  • Other circumstances that may reasonably affect perceived impartiality.
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No Conflict of Interest

If the authors have no relevant conflict of interest, they should provide an explicit statement such as:

“The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.”
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Disclosure Responsibility

All authors are responsible for ensuring that relevant conflicts of interest are disclosed accurately and updated if circumstances change during the editorial or publication process.